Havajski jezik
Havajski jezik | |
---|---|
ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi | |
Govori se u | Havaji |
Region | Polinezija |
Broj govornika | 24.000 (2011) |
Zvanični status | |
Službeni jezik u | Havaji |
Jezički kodovi | |
ISO 639-2 | haw |
ISO 639-3 | haw |
Havajski jezik (hav. ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi) je jedan od malajsko-polinezijskih jezika iz porodice austronezijskih jezika. Havajski je, uz engleski, službeni jezik na Havajima.
Havajski je bio dominantan jezik na Havajima pre američke aneksije 1898. Zbog imigracije i upotrebe engleskog jezika u školama, havajski je postao ugroženi jezik. Samo za oko 2.000 osoba je havajski maternji jezik, ali više od 24.000 osoba može da ga govori (popis 2011). UNESCO havajski jezik klasifikuje kao kritično ugroženi jezik.[1]
Havajsko pismo kao i srpska ćirilica je jedinstveno po tome što za jedan glas postoji jedan znak i obratno. Havajska abeceda sadrži samo 12 slova a to su:A,E,I,O,U/Samoglasnici/ H, K, L, M, N, P, W/Suglasnici/.
Reč „viki“, po kojem je Vikipedija dobila ime, znači „brzo“ na havajskom.
Izvori[uredi | uredi izvor]
- ^ „UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger”. unesco.org (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 20. 11. 2017.
Literatura[uredi | uredi izvor]
- Andrews, Lorrin (1836). A vocabulary of words in the Hawaiian language. Press of the Lahainaluna high school.
- Andrews, Lorrin (1865). A Dictionary of the Hawaiian Language. notes by William de Witt Alexander. Originally published by Henry M. Whitney, Honolulu, republished by Island Heritage Publishing 2003. ISBN 978-0-89610-374-0.
- Churchward, C. Maxwell (1959). Tongan Dictionary. Tonga: Government Printing Office..
- Dyen, Isidore (1965). „A Lexicostatistical Classification of the Austronesian Languages”. Indiana University Publications in Anthropology and Linguistics.. Memoir 19 of the International Journal of American Linguistics.
- Elbert, Samuel H. (1954). „Hawaiian Dictionaries, Past and Future”. Hawaiian Historical Society Annual Reports. hdl:10524/68.
- Elbert, Samuel H.; Pukui, Mary Kawena (1979). Hawaiian Grammar. Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii. ISBN 978-0-8248-0494-7.
- Hinton, Leanne; Hale, Kenneth (2001). The Green Book of Language Revitalization in Practice. Academic Press.
- Kimura, Larry; Wilson, Pila (1983). „Native Hawaiian Culture”. Native Hawaiian Study Commission Minority Report. Washington: United States Department of Interior. str. 173—203..
- Kinney, Ruby Kawena (1956). „A Non-purist View of Morphomorphemic Variations in Hawaiian Speech”. Journal of the Polynesian Society. 65 (3): 282—286..
- Li, Paul Jen-kuei (2001). „The Dispersal of The Formosan Aborigines in Taiwan” (PDF). Languages and Linguistics. 2 (1): 271—278. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 12. 10. 2006. g. Pristupljeno 23. 1. 2012..
- Li, Paul Jen-kuei. (2004). Numerals in Formosan Languages. Taipei: Academia Sinica.
- Lyovin, Anatole V. (1997). An Introduction to the Languages of the World. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. ISBN 978-0-19-508116-9.
- Pukui, Mary Kawena; Elbert, Samuel H. (1986). Hawaiian Dictionary. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press|University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0703-0.
- Ramos, Teresita V. (1971). Tagalog Dictionary. Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii. ISBN 978-0-87022-676-2.
- Schütz, Albert J. (1994). The Voices of Eden: A History of Hawaiian Language Studies. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-1637-7.
- Wight, Kahikāhealani (2005). Learn Hawaiian at Home. Bess Press. ISBN 978-1-57306-245-9.